Result: These data suggest that the effect on weight gain exerted by C. rotundus tubers extract may be mediated, at least partially, through the activation of the β3-AR. In conclusion, C. rotundus tubers extract prove to be a new herbal supplement for controlling body weight preferentially in β3-AR sensitive species.
1.1)ANTI-OBESITY POTENTIAL OF CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. AQUEOUS TUBER EXTRACT IN RATS FED ON HIGH FAT CAFETERIA DIET
Authors : Athesh K, Divakar M, Brindha P
Abstract
Objective: This study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-obesity potential of the aqueous tuber extract of Cyperus rotundus L. (ATECR) in high fat cafeteria diet (HFCD) fed obese rats. Methods: Wistar strain of albino rats were divided into six groups comprising of six rats each. Group I served as normal control fed with normal pellet chow, group II served as disease control fed with high fat cafeteria diet, group III, IV and V animals, received ATECR at a dose level of 100, 200 and 300mg/kg bw along with HFCD for 40 days, while, group VI served as standard drug control, which received Orlistat at a dosage of 50mg/kg bw along with HFCD. Results: Administration of HFCD for 40 successive days to experimental rats significantly increased the body weight, organ and fat pad weights, serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose levels; and decreased HDL cholesterol as compared to normal control. While treatment with ATECR showed a significant reduction in the body weight gain, organ weight of the liver, kidney, spleen, weight of fat pads and the levels of serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, glucose and increase in HDL cholesterol in a dose dependent manner. Further, the levels of liver markers such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which were found to be elevated in the serum of obese rats, also resumed to normal on treatment with different concentrations of ATECR. Moreover, the consumption of ATECR reduced oxidative stress by enhancing the levels of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), super oxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in the hepatic tissue of rats with HFCD induced obesity.
Conclusion: These results demonstrate clearly that repeated oral administration of tubers of Cyperus rotundus L. aqueous extract can evoke a potent anti-obesity activity.
2.Guggulu (Commiphora mukul)
Guggulsterone Inhibits Adipocyte Differentiation and Induces Apoptosis in 3T3-L1 Cells
Authors: Jeong-Yeh Yang1, Mary Anne Della-Fera1 and Clifton A. Baile1,2
Objective: To determine the effects of guggulsterone (GS), the active substance in guggulipid, on apoptosis, adipogenesis, and lipolysis using 3T3-L1 cells.
Methods and Procedures: For apoptosis and lipolysis experiments, mature adipocytes were treated with GS isomers. Viability, apoptosis, and caspase 3/7 activation were quantified using MTS, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), caspase-Glo 3/7 activity assay, respectively. The expression of cytochrome c was demonstrated by western blot. Lipolysis was quantified by measuring the release of glycerol. For adipogenesis experiments, postconfluent preadipocytes were incubated with GS isomers for up to 6 days during maturation. Adipogenesis was quantified by measuring lipid content using Nile Red dye. Western blot was also used to demonstrate the adipocyte-specific transcription factors peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), and C/EBPβ.
Results: In mature adipocytes cis-GS decreased viability, whereas the trans-GS isomer had little effect. Both isomers caused dose-dependent increases in apoptosis and cis-GS was more effective than trans-GS in inducing apoptosis. cis- and trans-GS also increased caspase-3 activity and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. In maturing preadipocytes, both isomers were equally effective in reducing lipid content. The adipocyte-specific transcription factors PPARγ2, C/EBPα, and C/EBPβ were downregulated after treatment with cis-GS during the maturation period. Furthermore, cis-GS increased basal lipolysis of mature adipocytes, but trans-GS had no effect.
Discussion: These results indicate that GS isomers may exert antiobesity effects by inhibiting differentiation of preadipocytes, and by inducing apoptosis and promoting lipolysis of mature adipocytes. The cis-GS isomer was more potent than the trans-GS isomer in inducing apoptosis and lipolysis in mature adipocytes.
3.Lasuna (Allium sativum)
Diallyl trisulfide suppresses the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes through ERK activation
Authors: Chong-Kuei Liia, Chun-Yin Huanga, Haw-Wen Chena, Mun-Yew Chowa, Yu-Ru Lina, Chin-Shiu Huangb, Chia-Wen Tsaia
Abstract
Garlic and its organosulfur compounds display hypolipidemic effects by inhibiting fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis. We investigated the anti-adipogenic effect of diallyl trisulfide (DATS), the second most abundant organosulfide in garlic oil. We studied the effects of DATS in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and the mechanism involved in its action. DATS (0–75 μM) inhibited CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α and β and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ mRNA and protein levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner, leading to a decrease of fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. Insulin treatment induced a transient increase in ERK phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, and maximal induction was observed at 5 min and then declined. DATS, however, sustained ERK phosphorylation up to 120 min. In the presence of PD98059, the phosphorylation of ERK and suppression of PPARγ expression and DNA binding activity of PPARγ by DATS were reversed, and lipid accumulation was restored. In conclusion, these results indicate that DATS inhibits the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes. DATS is likely to act by prolonging ERK activation, which leads to the down-regulation of adipogenic transcription factor expression during adipogenesis.
Result: Our results suggest that garlic may have potential as an anti-obesity agent.
4.Kulattha(Dolichos biflorus)
Hypolipidemic effect of methanolic extract of Dolichos biflorus Linn. in high fat diet fed rats
Authors: Muthu, A KottaiSethupathy, SManavalan, RKarar, P K
Issue Date: Jun-2005
Publisher: NISCAIR-CSIR, India
IPC Code: Int. Cl7 A61P
Abstract:
High fat diet fed rats showed significant increased levels of plasma and tissue total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, phospholipids, plasma LDL cholesterol and decreased level of plasma H DL cholesterol. Methanolic extract o f D.biflorus administration to high fat diet fed rats showed near to normal levels of the above lipids in plasma and tissues. Higher dose of the extract (400 mg/kg body weight) showed comparable results with standard drug atorvastatin.
Result: It is concluded that the methanolic extract of D. biflorus possesses hypolipidemic activity in high fat diet fed rats.
5.Haritaki(Terminalia chebula)
Triphala and Its Constituents Ameliorate Visceral Adiposit y From a High-fat Diet in Mice With Diet-induced Obesity.
Source: Alternative Therapies in Health & Medicine . Nov/Dec2012, Vol. 18 Issue 6, p38-45. 8p.
Author(s): Gurjar, Shaifali; Pal, Anuradha; Kapur, Suman
Abstract
Context In India, vaidyas (Ayurvedic physicians) traditionally administer triphala and its constituents as therapeutic agents for promoting digestion and satiety. Objective • The research team performed the present study to investigate the effects of triphala and its constituents (T bellirica [bibhitaki], T chebula [haritaki], and E officinalis [amalaki]) on the dietary induction of obesity (diet-induced obesity [DIO]), and other symptoms of visceral obesity syndrome, in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Design • The research team obtained 42 fertile, male, Swiss albino mice, weighing 20 g each, and housed them individually in an approved small-animal facility, in a pathogen-free environment. The team generated DIO mice by feeding them a HFD. Setting • The study took place at the Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) in Pilani, India. Intervention • The research team fed all mice, except those in a control group (ND), a HFD for 10 weeks beginning at 7 weeks of age, supplementing the HFDs with herbal treatments for 4 of the groups. The team divided the mice into six weight-matched groups of seven mice each: (1) normal diet (ND), (2) high-fat diet (HFD), (3) triphala (HFD+T), (4) amalaki (HFD+A), (5) haritaki (HFD+H), and (6) bibhitaki (HFD+B). Outcome Measures • The research team evaluated daily energy intake, fasting plasma glucose, serum lipid profile, and liver cytology. The team measured food and energy intake daily for 10 weeks and measured the body weight of each mouse every third day during the course of the experiment. The team drew blood samples at 2, 4, 8, and 10 weeks posttreatment and determined fasting plasma-glucose concentrations and fasting plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), LDL, HDL, and plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) using commercial kits. At the completion of the study, a pathologist examined the livers and diagnosed a fatty liver based on the presence of mac-rovesicular or microvesicular fat in the hepatocytes. Results • The research team's results showed that mice fed a HFD for a 10-week period, supplemented with herbal preparation(s) of triphala or its constituents, resulted in significant reductions in body weight (P<.0001), energy intake, and percentage of body fat (P<.001), as compared with mice in the HFD group. Herbal treatment significantly improved the lipid profiles of the mice by lowering serum total cholesterol (Total-C), TG, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increasing levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) as compared to the mice in the HFD group. The research team also found that herbal treatment attenuated glucose levels, oral glucose tolerance as measured by the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and levels of ALT. In addition to treatment with its three individual components, treatment with a popular Ayurvedic formulation of triphala also reversed the pathological changes in liver tissue and decreased the relative weight of visceral adipose fat pads.
Conclusions: The present findings suggest that triphala and its constituents can counter the effects of an environment (ie, high dietary intake of fats) and have the potential for use as antiobesity agents with desirable lipid-profile modulating properties.
6. Vidanga(Embelia ribes)
Antiobesity actions of Embelia ribes
Authors: Iram Nazish1, Corresponding author contact information, E-mail the corresponding author, SH Ansari1, Poonam Arora1
Abstract
Embelia ribes has been used as a folk medicine whole world. An aqueous extract of Embelia ribes have visceral fat accumulation and improved insulin resistance in rat model with HFD induced obesity may possibly be through down regulation of leptin, TNF-α, SREBP1γ, and PPARγ2 gene expression. The leptin might contribute to hepatic steatosis by promoting insulin resistance and also by altering insulin signaling in hepatocytes, which consequently promote increased intracellular fatty acid. Hence, drug treatment to rats with HFD prevents increase of these levels due to decrease of the body fat content. Therefore we investigated the anti-obesity effects of the aqueous extract of Embelia ribes by feeding a high-fat diet to rats for 42 weeks. Body weights at 2-6 weeks and parametrial adipose tissue weights were significantly lower in rat fed the high-fat diet containing aqueous extract of Embelia ribes than in the controls fed the high-fat diet.
Result: Our data suggest that the antiobesity effects of aqueous extract of Embelia ribes in rat fed a high-fat diet may be through down regulation of leptin, TNF-α, SREBP1γ, and PPARγ2 gene expression.
References:
1.Administration of Cyperus rotundus tubers extract prevents weight gain in obese Zucker rats
Authors: Bernard Lemaure1, André Touché1, Irène Zbinden2, Julie Moulin2, Didier Courtois1,Katherine Mace'2 andChristian Darimont
1.1)ANTI-OBESITY POTENTIAL OF CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. AQUEOUS TUBER EXTRACT IN RATS FED ON HIGH FAT CAFETERIA DIET
Authors : Athesh K, Divakar M, Brindha P
2. Guggulsterone Inhibits Adipocyte Differentiation and Induces Apoptosis in 3T3-L1 Cells
Authors: Jeong-Yeh Yang1, Mary Anne Della-Fera1 and Clifton A. Baile1,2
3. Diallyl trisulfide suppresses the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes through ERK activation
Authors: Chong-Kuei Liia, Chun-Yin Huanga, Haw-Wen Chena, Mun-Yew Chowa, Yu-Ru Lina, Chin-Shiu Huangb, Chia-Wen Tsaia
4. Hypolipidemic effect of methanolic extract of Dolichos biflorus Linn. in high fat diet fed rats
Authors: Muthu, A KottaiSethupathy, SManavalan, RKarar, P K
5. Triphala and Its Constituents Ameliorate Visceral Adiposit y From a High-fat Diet in Mice With Diet-induced Obesity.
Author(s): Gurjar, Shaifali; Pal, Anuradha; Kapur, Suman
6. Antiobesity actions of Embelia ribes
Authors: Iram Nazish1, Corresponding author contact information, E-mail the corresponding author, SH Ansari1, Poonam Arora1
MODERN RESEARCH STUDIES CONDUCTED ON LOBES INGREDIENTS CAN BE FOUND AT THE FOLLOWING LINKS.
- http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ptr.2147/abstract
1.1)i nnovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ajpcr/article/view/960
- http://www.ads.uga.edu/documents/GuggulsteroneInhibitsAdipocyteDifferentiationandInduces.pdf
- http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691511006119
- http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/23152
- http://web.a.ebscohost.com/abstract?direct=true&profile
- http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0975357512800137